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        A real options approach for evaluation and justification of
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        A real options approach for evaluation and justification of a hospital
        information system
        C. Okan Özogul a, E. Ertugrul Karsak b,*, Ethem Tolga b
        a HAVELSAN, Mustafa Kemal Mah., Ankara 06520, Turkey
        b Industrial Engineering Department, Galatasaray University, Ortakoy, Istanbul 80840, Turkey
        a r t i c l e i n f o
        Article history:
        Received 18 April 2008
        Received in revised form 1 July 2009
        Accepted 1 July 2009
        Available online 10 July 2009
        Keywords:
        ERP investments
        Hospital information system investment
        justification
        Real options
        Compound options
        Option valuation models
        a b s t r a c t
        Nowadays healthcare organizations globally recognize the importance of investing in information technologies
        to improve the quality of care delivery and reduce costs. The key drivers of healthcare sector
        such as continuously improving healthcare standards and insurance systems have introduced new
        requirements for hospitals, which in return provided a solid ground for decision-makers to consider
        implementing hospital information systems that are customized and improved versions of enterprise
        resource planning (ERP) systems designed according to the needs of the healthcare sector. The conventional
        discounted cash flow methods ignore the value of managerial and strategic flexibility inherent
        in these investments, which is crucial for justification of the investment decision. This study introduces
        a real options-based methodology which overcomes the limitations of traditional valuation methods and
        enables decision-makers to value an ERP system investment incorporating multiple options. The option
        valuation model developed in this study extends the binomial lattice framework to model a hospital
        information system (HIS) investment opportunity with compound options. The potential application of
        the proposed model is illustrated through evaluation of a real-world HIS investment.
         2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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